Yponomeuta cagnagella (Hübner, 1813)
spindle ermine
mine
Small, full depth blotch, mainly in the younger leaves. The larvae soon start living free, making the well-known collective spinnings that can shroud entire shrubs.
host plants
Celastraceae, monophagous
Euonymus europaeus, japonicus, verrucosus.
phenology
Larvae mine in April-May (Agassiz, 1996a; Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
pupa
Illustrated by Patočka (1997a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a).
predators
synonyms
Yponomeuta cagnagellus; Y. cognatella Treitschke, 1932.
references
Agassiz (1996a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Corley, Marabuto, Maravalhas ao (2011a), Fazekas (2009a), Fusu (2017a), Gershenson, Pavlíček, Chikatunov & Nevo (2002a), Gómez de Aizpúrua (2003a), Embacher & Kurz (2008b), Hering (1957a), Huemer (2012a), Jurc (2016a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Leutsch (2011a), Patočka (1997a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Robbins (1991a), Roques, Cleary, Matsiakh & Eschem (2017a), Segerer & Reichholf (2004a), Šumpich (1998a), Szőcs (1977a), Žikić, Ritt, Colacci, ao (2019a).