Holocacista rivillei (Stainton, 1855)
Vitis vinifera, Italië, Rovereto; from van Nieukerken ea (2012a).
Vitis vinifera, Italy, Vicenza, Borghetto © Erik van Nieukerken
an occupied mine, another already with an excision
mine
Initially a relatively long, narrow corridor with a broad frass line. The corridor widens into a full depth transparent blotch with dispersed frass. In the end an oval excision is cut from the blotch, in which the larva drops to the ground and where pupation takes place. Often a number of mines in a leaf (up to over 250: Parenti & Varalda, 2000a).
hostplants
Vitaceae, monophagous
Vitis vinifera.
phenology
From May on in 2-4 generations (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
southern Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
synonyms
Antispila rivillei.
notes
Sometimes a pest species.
references
Amsel & Hering (1931a), Cean (2014a), Grandi (1931a, 1933a), Hering (1957a), Maček (1999a), van Nieukerken, Wagner, Baldessari ao (2012a), Parenti & Varalda (2000a), Skala (1949a).