Ectoedemia subbimaculella (Haworth, 1828)

spotted black pigmy

Quercus robur, Beegderheide

Betula pendula, Rotterdam, polder Schieveen: a case of xenophagy © Ben van As

mine

Oviposition on the upper side of the leaf, next to a vein. The mine begins as a narrow corridor, filled with frass, running along a vein: usually the midrib, or along a lateral vein and then running in the direction of the midrib. The corridor abruptly widens into a blotch, usually in the axil of the midrib and a side vein. The larva makes a slit in the lower epidermis of the blotch, by which part of the frass is ejected. Pupation external.

host plants

Fagaceae, oligophagous

Castanea sativa; Quercus frainetto, macranthera, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur, rubra.

In Hungary the species also occurs on Q. cerris; the larvae on this host are about a month earlier than those on other oaks in the same area (van Nieukerken ao, 2010a).

The synonymous Stigmella bistrimaculella is associated in the older literature, but even by Hering (1957a), with Betula. According to van Nieukerken & Johansson (1987a) this concerns rare cases of xenophagy.

phenology

Larvae from late-September to well in November, usually in green islands in yellowing, often already fallen, leaves.

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Probably all Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

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synonyms

Dechtiria, Nepticula, Stigmella subbimaculella; Ectoedemia nigrociliella (Stephens, 1834); Nepticula, Stigmella bistrimaculella von Heyden, 1861.

references

Bengtsson (2008a), Borkowski (1969a), Buhr (1936a, 1964a), Buszko & Baraniak (1989a), J Černý (2001a), Diškus & Stonis (2012a), Emmet (1971a, 1983a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1932g, 1934a, 1957a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2004a), Johansson ao (1990a), Kasy (1987a), Klimesch (1950c), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kurz (2016a), A & Z Laštuvka (1997a, 2014a), Z & A Laštuvka (1998a), Lhomme (1934d), Michalska (1976a), Michna (1975a), Navickaitė, Diškus & Stonis (2014), van Nieukerken (1985a, 1986a, 2006a), van Nieukerken & Johansson (1987a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2004a, 2006a, 2010a), van Nieukerken, Zolotuhin & Mistchenko (2004a), Palmer (2011a), De Prins (1998a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1939a, 1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Steuer (1995a), Szőcs (1977a, 1081a).