Hypericum perforatum, Losser; the purse-shaped cocoon, in the mine

Hypericum androsaemum, Bergen NH: on this hostplant the mine appears differently

mine

Egg at the leaf underside. The mine begins as a long, winding corridor with a broad frass line that is red brown at first, black brown later. The corridor abruptly widens into a slightly inflated blotch. Here the frass lies concentrated in the centre. Here also a cocoon is made, where pupation takes place. In preparation the larva has cut a semicircular exit slit in the leaf underside, near what later will be the front end of the cocoon.

host plants

Hypericaceae, monophagous

Hypericum androsaemum, bupleuroides, caprifolium, cerastoides, hircinum, hirsutum, hookerianum, maculatum, montanum, nummularium, patulum, perforatum, tetrapterum, thymifolium, undulatum, xylosteifolium.

phenology

Larvae in May – June, July – August, and from september till deep in December (van Frankenhuyzen & Litjens, 1976a). In southern UK possibly trivoltine (Edmunds, 2015b).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Ellis, Kautenbach).

distribution within Europe

All of Europe.

larva

synonyms

Ectoedemia, Nepticula, Stigmella septembrella.

parasitoids, predators

Derostenus gemmeus.

references

Amsel & Hering (1931a), Anisimovas, Diškus & Stonis (2006a), Baldizzone (2004a), Beiger (1955a, 1960a, 1970a, 1979a), Bengtsson (2008a), Borkowski (1969a), Buhr (1935b, 1964a), Buszko & Baraniak (1989a), Corley (2005a), Corley, Rosete, Gonçalves ao (2016a), Diškus & Stonis (2012a), Edmunds (2015b), Emmet (1971a, 1983a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), van Frankenhuyzen & Litjens (1976a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1957a), Huber (1969a), Johansson ao (1990a), Kasy (1983a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kurz (2016a), Kvičala (1938a), A & Z Laštuvka (1997a, 2000b, 2008a, 2014a), Lhomme (1934c), Maček (1999a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a), Michna (1975a), Navickaitė, Diškus & Stonis (2011a, 2014a), van Nieukerken (1986a, 2006a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2006a), De Prins (2007a), Robbins (1991a), Skala (1939a, 1951a), Sønderup (1949a), Starý (1930a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a), Zoerner (1969a).