Prunella vulgaris, Germany, Eifel, Alendorf; leg Diersystematiek VU

mine

Egg at the upper side of the leaf. The mine is an extremely long corridor, often following the midrib or the leaf margin, with frass in a narrow central line, widening in the end into an irregular elongate blotch. Corridor sides somewhat irregularly scalloped out, especially towards the end. The larva may move, all the while mining, to another, even a third, leaf by way of the petioles and stem. Therefore one leaf may have only a narrow corridor, another a blotch. Pupation external. Mines mainly in the lowest leaves, difficult to find, but it helps that infected leaves and leaves nearby often turn violet.

host plants

Lamiaceae, monophagous

Prunella grandiflora, laciniata, vulgaris.

phenology

Larvae from July till October, peaking in September (Hering, 1957a; Johansson ao, 1990a).

BENELUX

BE not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & Kuchlein-Nijsten, 2001a).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Probably all Europe, with possible exception of Ireland and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

Bright yellow, head light brown (Emmet, 1983a; Klimesch, 1948a); see Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a) for a description.

synonyms

Nepticula, Fedalmia, Trifurcula, Ectoedemia, headleyella; Trifurcula rodella Svensson 1982.

references

Bengtsson (2008a), Borkowski (1969a, 1970a), Burmann (1979a), Diškus & Stonis (2012a), Emmet (1983a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Hering (1957a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2003a, 2004a), Ivinskis, van Nieukerken & Rimsaite (2012a), Johansson ao (1990a), Kasy (1985a), Klimesch (1948a), Kuchlein & Kuchlein-Nijsten (2001a), Kurz (2016a), A & Z Laštuvka (1997a), van Nieukerken (1986a), van Nieukerken, Biesenbaum & Wittland (2010a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2004a, 2006a), Pröse (2006a), Skala (1939a, 1951a), Steuer (1995a), Svensson (1982a), Szőcs (1977a, 1981a).