Parafomoria cistivora (de Peyerimhoff, 1871)
mine
Oviposition at the leaf upper side. Rather long, often contorted, narrow corridor that hardly widens towards the end. Frass in an interrupted central line that never occupies over 1/3 of the corridor width. Pupation outside the mine.
host plants
Cistaceae, monophagous
Cistus albidus, ladanifer, laurifolius, monspeliensis, populifolius (?), salviifolius.
phenology
Autumn and winter period; the larvae aestivate in their cocoon (van Nieukerken ao, 2006a).
BENELUX
Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
Western Mediterranean Region (van Nieukerken, 1983b)
larva
Yellowish, lying venter upwards in the mine. Meso- and metathorax with 9 pairs of setae.
notes
Confused with P. peudocistivora before 1983. One of the differences is in the shape of the ovipositor: long and acute in pseudocistivora, short and blunt in cistivora. Probably these are adaptations to oviposition on plants with hairy and hairless leaves, respectively.
references
Amsel & Hering (1931a, 1933a), Buhr (1930a), Hering (1932e, 1936b, 1957a, 1967a), Laštuvka & Laštuvka (1997a, 2005b), Nel (2002a, van Nieukerken (1983b, 1985b, 1986a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2004a, 2006a), Skala (1939a).