Parafomoria helianthemella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1860)
on Helianthemum
Helianthemum nummularium, Czech Republic, Northern Bohemia, Louny © Jindra Černý
Helianthemum nummularium, France; from van Nieukerken (1983b)
mine
Egg at the upper side of the leaf; the chorion is flat, brownish. The mine is a narrow corridor, often following the leaf margin or a vein. Frass in a relatively thick central line, continuous at first, dispersed towards the end.
host plants
Cistaceae, monophagous
Helianthemum alpestre, canum, nummularium & subsp. obscurum, salicifolium.
phenology
Larvae from mid-June till late October; sometimes three generations (van Nieukerken, 1983b).
BENELUX
Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
From Germany and Poland to the Pyrenees, Italy, and Bulgaria (Fauna Europaea, 2009); Iberia (Laštůvka & Laštůvka, 2015a).
larva
Yellowish, described by Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a). The larva lies venter upwards in the mine.
synonyms
Nepticula, Stigmella helianthemella.
parasitoids, predators
references
Bouček (1959a), Buszko (1987a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Hering (1957a), Johansson ao (1990a), Kasy (1983a, 1985a, 1987a), Klimesch (1940a, 1950c, 1958c), Laštůvka & Laštuvka (1997a, 2005b, 2015a), van Nieukerken (1983b, 1985b, 1986a), van Nieukerken, Laštůvka & Laštuvka (2006a), Skala (1939a), Steuer (1995a), Šumpich, Žemlička & Dvořák (2013a), Szőcs (1968a, 1977a, 1981a).