Stigmella confusella (Wood & Walsingham, 1894)
pale birch pigmy
on Betula
Betula pubescens, Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Olen, 13.viii.2017 © Carina Van Steenwinkel
Betula pubescens, Overveen
same mine, detail
mine
Egg at the underside of the leaf, close to a vein. The mine is a very long and slender gallery, hardly widening at all. Frass in a continuous, very narrow central line. The corridor follows veins over long distances, obtaining thereby an angular appearance.
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula nana, pendula, pubescens.
phenology
Larvae in Britain in June – August (Emmet, 1983a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (van Nieukerken, 2006a).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).
LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
From Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Alps, and Bulgaria, and from Ireland tot Central Russia (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
synonyms
Nepticula confusella.
references
Ahr (1966a), Anisimovas, Diškus & Stonis (2006a), Bengtsson (2008a), Borkowski (1969a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Černý (2001a), Diškus & Stonis (2012a), Emmet (1071a, 1983a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927b, 1934b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Huemer (2007a), Johansson ao (1990a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kozlov & Kullberg (2010a), Kozlov, van Nieukerken, Zverev & Zvereva (2013a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kurz (2016a), Z & A Laštuvka (1997a), Maček (1999a), Navickaitė, Diškus & Stonis (2011a, 2014a), van Nieukerken (1986a, 2006a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2006a), Nowakowski (1954a), De Prins & Steeman (2011a, 2013a), Pröse, Kolbeck & Segerer (2003a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Skala (1939a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Steuer (1995a), Surányi (1942a), Szőcs (1977a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).