Stigmella luteella (Stainton, 1857)

short-barred pigmy

mine

Egg at the underside of the leaf, mostly close to a vein. The mine is a fairly slender corridor that even towards the end hardly widens. The first part consists of a some close loops around the oviposition site; this part generally is lower-surface. The later part is much less contorted, with a frass line that occupies one third to one half the width of the gallery. The sides of the corridor are irregularly scalloped out. Usually no more than one mine per leaf. Pupation external, exit slit in the lower epidermis.

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula nana, pendula, pubescens.

phenology

Larvae from August till November (Emmet, 1983a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Europe, with exception of the Balkan Peninsula.

larva

Palr yellow, head light brown; lies venter-upwards in the mine. See Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a) for a detailed description.

synonyms

Nepticula luteella.

notes

Is more than Stigmella betulicola found on mature trees (Emmet, 1983a).

references

Ahr (1966a), Bachmaier (1965a), Bengtsson (2008a), Borkowski (1969a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Buszko & Baraniak (1989a), Černý (2001a), Diškus & Stonis (2012a), Emmet (1971a, 1983a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Haase (1942a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1927b, 1957a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Johansson ao (1990a), Klimesch (1936a, 1948a, 1950c, 1958c), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kozlov & Kullberg (2010a), Kozlov, van Nieukerken, Zverev & Zvereva (2013a), Kuchklein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), A & Z Laštůvka (2014a), Z & A Laštuvka (1997a, 2005a), Maček (1999a), van Nieukerken (1986a), van Nieukerken, A & Z Laštuvka (2006a), van Nieukerken, Zolotuhin & Mistchenko (2004a), De Prins (1998a), De Prins & Steeman (2011a, 2013a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1939a, 1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Steuer (1995a), Szőcs (1977a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).