Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936)
occupied mine (from van Nieukerken, 2020a)
mine
Egg at upper- or underside of the leaf, usually free from a vein. Long, slender, more or less sinuous corridor with a rather narrow central frass line, mostly not following a vein. The first section of the gallery lies in the sponge parenchym, therefore appearing greenish.Exit slt upper-surface. Pupation external, in a thin, whitish cocoon.
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula pendula, pubescens.
phenology
Two generations.
BENELUX
distribution within Europe
Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Italy; Central and East Russia (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
Whitish, head light brown; behind the head the first node of the ventral ganglion is visible as a conspicuous dark spot.
notes
Strongly thermophilic species.
references
Baran (2013a), Haase (1942a), Hartig (1939a), Klimesch (1936a, 1948a, 1950c), Laštůvka & Laštuvka (1997a), Laštůvka, Laštůvka, Liška ao (1992a), Liška ao (2000a), van Nieukerken (1986a, 2020a), van Nieukerken, Zolotuhin & Mistchenko (2004a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1939a), Szőcs (1977a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a).