Trifurcula immundella (Zeller,1839)

broom pigmy

on Cytisus

Cytisus scoparius, Noordwijkerhout, Klein Leeuwenhorst © Erik van Nieukerken

mine

the larve makes bark mines, filled with much black frass. Old mines may lignify reminding veins running over the twig. The mine resembles the one of Leucoptera spartifoliella; check there for the differences.

hostplants

Fabaceae, monophagous

Cytisus scoparius.

phenology

larvae mine from September till February, in cold winters till May (Johansson ao, 1990a)

BENELUX

BE recorded (van Nieukerken, 2006a).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2015).

LUX not yet recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2015).

distribution within Europe

from Sweden to the Mediterranean, and from Ireland to Poland; not on the Mediterranean islands (Fauna Europaea, 2015)

larva

described by Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a).

references

Bengtsson (2008a), Buhr (1937a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Johansson, Nielsen, van Nieukerken & Gustafsson (1990a), Kasy (1983a), Klimesch (1942a, 1953a), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1994a, 1997a, 2005a, 2008a, 2014a), Z & Laštůvka (2009b), van Nieukerken (1986a, 2006a), van Nieukerken, Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2004a, 2006a), Leutsch (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Skala (1939a), Szőcs (1977a).