Trifurcula immundella (Zeller,1839)
broom pigmy
on Cytisus
Cytisus scoparius, Noordwijkerhout, Klein Leeuwenhorst © Erik van Nieukerken
mine
the larve makes bark mines, filled with much black frass. Old mines may lignify reminding veins running over the twig. The mine resembles the one of Leucoptera spartifoliella; check there for the differences.
hostplants
Fabaceae, monophagous
Cytisus scoparius.
phenology
larvae mine from September till February, in cold winters till May (Johansson ao, 1990a)
BENELUX
BE recorded (van Nieukerken, 2006a).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2015).
LUX not yet recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2015).
distribution within Europe
from Sweden to the Mediterranean, and from Ireland to Poland; not on the Mediterranean islands (Fauna Europaea, 2015)
larva
described by Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a).
references
Bengtsson (2008a), Buhr (1937a), Gustafsson (1985a), Gustafsson & van Nieukerken (1990a), Johansson, Nielsen, van Nieukerken & Gustafsson (1990a), Kasy (1983a), Klimesch (1942a, 1953a), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1994a, 1997a, 2005a, 2008a, 2014a), Z & Laštůvka (2009b), van Nieukerken (1986a, 2006a), van Nieukerken, Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2004a, 2006a), Leutsch (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Skala (1939a), Szőcs (1977a).