Claviceps purpurea (Fries) Tulasne, 1853
rye ergot fungus
on Poaceae
Molinia caerulea, Hoenderloo, Hoge Veluwe: affected plant
detail
sclerotia (with infection by the hyperparasite Fusarium lolii)
Lolium perenne, Belgium, prov. Namur, Leignon © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Phleum pratense, Loenen (Ge) © Arnold Grosscurt
host plants
Poaceae, oligophagous
Agrostis; Alopecurus arundinaceus, geniculatus, pratensis; Ammophila arenaria; Anthoxanthum odoratum; Arrhenatherum elatius; Avena; Brachypodium pinnatum, sylvaticum; Bromopsisinermis; Bromus; Calamagrostis epigeios, varia; Dactylis glomerata; Deschampsia cespitosa; Elymus; Elytrigia repens; Festuca rubra, valesiaca; Glyceria fluitans; Holcus lanatus, mollis; Hordeum murinum, vulgare; Koeleria pyramidata; Leymus arenarius; Lolium perenne; Molinia caerulea; Nardus stricta; Phalaris canariensis; Phalaroides arundinacea; Phleum pratense; Phragmites australis; Poa; Schedonorus arundinaceus, giganteus, pratensis; Secale cereale; Sesleria alba, caerulea; Stipa pekinensis; Trisetum flavescens; Triticum.
On Avena extremely rare.
synonyms
Claviceps microcephala (Wallroth) Tulasne, 1853. Pažoutová ao (2000a) have demonstrated that within the species C. purpurea three, not sharlpy defined, chemo-races do exist, growing on a wide variatie of grass species, in moderately dry, wet, and brackish vegetations, respectively. This eliminates the basis for (among others) microcephala as a separate species. C. sesleriae Stäger, 1906, is cited as a synonym of purpurea by Pažoutová (2002a).
notes
Buhr (1964b) and other authors do not consider C. purpurea a true gall. Indeed does the sclerotium entirely consist of fungal tissue, therefore isn’t a gall. But the malformation of the inflorescence that occurs at least under strong infestation certainly is a gall.
parasites
Fusarium lolii, Neobarya aurantiaca.
references
Blumer (1946a), Buhr (1964a, 1965a), Chinery (2011a), Doppelbaur & Doppelbaur (1973a), Ellis & Ellis (1997a), Gönczö & Révay (1981a), Groom (2011a), Jage, Klenke, Kruse ao (2016a), Jage, Kruse, Kummer ao (2013a), Jage, Scholler & Klenke (2010a), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Kozłowska, Mułenko & Heluta (2015a), Kruse (2014a, 2019a), Kruse & Jage (2014a), Losa España (1942a), Melgarejo Nárdiz, García-Jiménez, Jordá Gutiérrez ao (2010a, Mułenko, Sałata & Wołczańska (1995a), Negrean (1995a, 1996b), Pažoutová (2002a), Pažoutová ao (2000a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a), Scheuer & Bechter (2012a), Schmid-Heckel (1985a), Scholler & Schubert (1993a), Unamuno (1941a).