Betula sp., Kampsheide (Dr.) © Ben van As

parasite

The fungus causes extensive lesions in the bark of thick branches; in the course of several years they may become surrounded by voluminous ridges of wound tissue. Out of the wound erupt conspicuous groups of cinnabar red globular perithecia: asci 15-18 x 85-95 µm, 8 spores, 5-8 x 14-21 µm. In whitish masses also conidia are formed. The infection mostly start at a mechanical damage, like by pruning.

host plants

polyphagous on deciduous trees

Acer; Aesculus; Alnus; Betula; Carpinus betulus; Corylus; Crataegus; Eriobotrya japonica; Fagus; Fraxinus excelsior; Juglans regia; Laburnum; Malus sylvestris; Platanus; Populus; Prunus serotina; Pyrus communis; Quercus; Rhamnus; Ribes; Salix; Sorbus aucuparia; Tilia; Ulmus.

synonyms

Cylindrocarpon candidum (Link) Wollenweber, 1916; C. heteronema (Berkeley & Broome) Wollenweber, 1916; C. willkommii (Lindau) Wollenweber, 1928; Nectria ditissima Tulasne & Tulasne, 1865; N. galligena Bresadola, 1901; Neonectria galligena (Bresadola) Rossman & Samuels, 1999.

references

Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Brandenburger (1985a: 36, 37), Castlebury, Rossman & Hyten (2005a), Chaverri, Salgado, Hirooka ao (2011a), Brandenburger (1985a), Buhr (1964b, 1965a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Kozłowska, Mułenko & Heluta (2015a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a, 2019a), Saville (0000a), Tomasi (2014a).