Cystopteris fragilis, from González-Fragoso (1925a): urediniospores

gall

only uredinia and telia are known. Uredinia amphigenous, small pustules, initially covered by the epidermis and peridium later naked, fresh golden yellow. Telia hypophyllous, yellowish brown; the teliospores are formed within the epidermal cells of the host plant, in groups of 2-7.

host plants

Woodsiaceae, monophagous?

Cystopteris fragilis & subsp. alpina, montana.

Gäumann additionally mentions Athyrium filix-femina and Woodsia glabella, obtusa, belonging to the same plant family, but that is not repeated by later authors.

predators

Mycodiplosis buhri.

notes

the spermogonia and aecia of this species are unknown; it is expected that they develop on Abies (Klenke & Scholler).

references

Bahçecioğlu & Kabaktepe (2012a), Brandenburger (1985a: 6), Eichhorn (1941a), Ellis & Ellis (1979a), Gäumann (1959a), Gjaerum (1986a), González-Fragoso (1925a), Henderson (2000a), Hick & Preece (1990a), Jage, Kruse, Kummer ao (2013a), Jage, Scholler & Klenke (2010a), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Kruse (2019a), Ludwig (1974a), McTaggart, Geering & Shivas (2014a), Maier, Begerow, Weiß & Oberwinkler (2003a), Poelt (1986a), Poelt & Zwetko (1997a), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a), Schmid-Heckel (1985a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Termorshuizen & Swertz (2011a) Tóth (1994a), Unamuno (1941b), Vanderweyen & Fraiture (2007a), Wilson & Henderson (1966a), Woods, Stringer, Evans & Chater (2015a).