Melampsoridium betulinum (Persoon) Klebahn, 1899
on Larix
gall
spermogonia pale yellow, amphigenous. Aecia hypophyllous, mostly in two rows; fresh peridium orange, up to 0.5 mm high; spores densely and finely verrucose, but with a smooth and thin-walled spot.
spermogonia, aecia
Pinaceae, monophagous
Larix decidua, gmelinii, kaempferi, laricina, potaninii, sibirica.
on Alnus, Betula
Betula pubescens, Huijbergen, Staartsche Duinen: uredinia
Alnus glutinosa, Nieuwendam: the uredinia are closed except for a central pore, through which the spores are squeezed out in a thread
urediniospores
Alnus glutinosa, Zeewolde, Harderbos, leg. Hans Jonkman: empty urediniospore
optical section
Betula pendula, Nunspeet: urediniospore
Betula pendula, uit González-Fragoso (1925a): section through a telium, bordering at an uredinium to the right
gall
uredinia finely spinulose, but with a smooth tip. Telia hypophyllous, extensive, orange when fresh; the spores are formed intercellularly, below the epidermis.
uredinia, telia
Betulaceae, oligophagous
Alnus cordata, glutinosa, incana, pendula, viridis; Betula humilis, nana, occidentalis, ovalifolia, papyrifera, pendula, pubescens & var. glabrata + tortuosa, pumila, utilis & var. jacquemontii
Mainly on birch.
Hyperparasite of the uredinia
references
Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Adamska (2005a), Bahçecioğlu & Kabaktepe (2012a), Blumer (1946a), Brandenburger (1985a: 18, 53), Doppelbaur & Dobbelbaur (1968a, 1973a), Ellis & Ellis (1997a), Gäumann (1959a), González-Fragoso (1925a), Henderson (2000a, 2004a), Huseyin & Selcuk (2004a), Jage, Kruse, Kummer ao (2013a)m Jage, Scholler & Klenke (2010a), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Kozłowska, Mułenko & Heluta (2015a), Kruse (2014a, 2019a), Maier, Begerow, Weiß & Oberwinkler (2003a), Markovskaja (2013a), McKenzie, Padamsee & Dick (2013a), Mułenko, Sałata & Wołczańska (1995a), Negrean (1997a), Poelt & Zwetko (1997a), Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2006a), Schmid-Heckel (1985a), Termorshuizen & Swertz (2011a), Tykhonenko, Heluta & Dudka (2016a), Vanderweyen (2010a), Vanderweyen & Fraiture (2007a), Wilson & Henderson (1966a), Woods, Stringer, Evans & Chater (2015a).