Berberis vulgaris, Switzerland, Wallis, Veysonnaz © Arnold Grosscurt: witches’ brooms

Berberis hispanica, from González Fragoso (1924a): section through a spermogonium, with far-protruding paraphyses

gall

spermogonia on the entire upper surface of the first leaves. The undersides of this first foliage is also entirely covered by aecia; later in the season the aecia are less dense, standing in dispersed groups. Aecia cupulate, sometimes almost cylindrical.

The infection is systemic, and the mycelium hibernates in the branches. Many stiff erect shoots are formed, in the course of time causing conspicuous witches’ brooms.

The spermatia emit a strong floral scent, that effectively attracts insects. It has experimentally been demonstrated that these insects contribute to the cross fertilisation and thereby to the formation of aecia (Naef ao).

spermogonia, aecia

Berberidaceae, monophagous

Berberis aetnensis, cretica, heteropoda, hispanica, integerrima, oblonga, sibirica, thunbergii, vulgaris.

on Apera, Arrhenatherum

gall

Uredinia less than half a mm, pulverulent, rust-coloured, mainly epiphyllous, causing yellow spots at the underside of the leaf. Urediniospores with c. 10 pores. Between the spores stand capitate paraphyses. Telia are rarely formed; they are black, hypophyllous, covered by the epidermis, divided in compartments by rows of by rows of brown paraphyses. Teliospores 2-celled, ob-clavate, persistent.

uredinia, telia

Poaceae, oligophagous

Apera spica-venti; Arrhenatherum elatius & subsp. bulbosum.

synonyms

Aecidium graveolens Shuttleworth, 1877; Ae. magellanicum Berkeley, 1847; Puccinia brachypodii var. arrhenatheri (Klebahn) Cummins & Greene 1966; P. magelhaenica Peyronel, 1894; P. spicae-venti Bucholtz, 1i905.

Both Termorshuizen & Swertz and the Index Fungorum (2016) consider this species conspecific with P. brachypodii.

references

Blumer (1946a), Brandenburger (1985a: 764, 805), Buhr (1964b), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gäumann (1958a), Gjaerum (1986a, 1987a), Gjaerum & Dennis (1976a), Gjaerum & Sunding (1986a), Gönczö & Révay (1981a), González Fragoso (1924a), Jage, Klenke, Kruse ao (2016a), Jage, Kruse, Kummer ao (2013a), Klenke & Scholler (2015a), Kruse (2019a), Losa España (1942a), Marková & Urban (1988a), Naef, Roy, Kaiser & Honegger (2002a), Poelt & Zwetko (1997a), Saba & Khalid (2013a), Schmid-Heckel (1985a), Scholler, Reinhard & Schubert (1996a), Scholler & Schubert (1993a), Termorshuizen & Swertz (2011a), Vanderweyen & Fraiture (2011a), Woods, Stringer, Evans & Chater (2015a).