Plant Parasites of Europe

leafminers, galls and fungi

genus Amaranthus

Determination table

organ mode stage main group group family parasite P G S
leafhiddenInsectaLepidopteraCrambidaeAchyra nudalis77
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAcupalpus meridianus1818
flowerpredatorInsectaThysanopteraAeolothripidaeAeolothrips collaris125137
leafscaleInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAleyrodidaeAleuroclava similis 66
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaeAlternaria tenuissima1313
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara aenea2929
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara anthobia1818
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara aulica3742
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara bifrons2020
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara consularis2828
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara convexior2626
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara convexiuscula3232
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara eurynota3030
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara ingenua2828
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara littorea3440
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara ovata3131
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAmara similata3636
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeAmauromyza chenopodivora22
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeAmyna axis1616
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeAnisodactylus signatus3030
stemscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaDiaspididaeAonidiella aurantii 2633
InsectaHemiptera CoccoideaDiaspididaeAonidiella citrina2027
stemfreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAphis craccivora 161250
leaffreesummer gen.InsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAphis fabae 335535
leaffreesummer gen.InsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAphis fabae fabae154224
leaffreesummer gen.InsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAphis fabae solanella 6179
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAphis gossypii 174217
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaDidymellaceaeAscochyta celosiae22
rootfreelarvaInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeAsproparthenis punctiventris1010
leafscaleInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAleyrodidaeBemisia tabaci 128191
rootgallInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeBothynoderes affinis1116
leaffreeAcariTetranychoideaTetranychidaeBryobia vasiljevi2324
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeCacoecimorpha pronubana 6769
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeCalathus fuscipes2424
leaffreeInsectaColeopteraChrysomelidaeCassida nebulosa45
leaffreeInsectaColeopteraChrysomelidaeCassida nobilis1213
leaffreeAcariTetranychoideaTenuipalpidaeCenopalpus pulcher2737
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeCercospora brachiata11
rootborerInsectaColeopteraChrysomelidaeChaetocnema picipes55
rootborerInsectaColeopteraChrysomelidaeChaetocnema tibialis1527
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeChromatomyia horticola 112151
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraGelechiidaeChrysoesthia drurella 722
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraGelechiidaeChrysoesthia sexguttella 824
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera CicadomorphaCicadellidaeCirculifer haematoceps2933
stemdownFungiAscomycotaCladosporiaceaeCladosporium venturioides11
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraColeophoridaeColeophora versurella 57
fruitfreeInsectaLepidopteraColeophoridaeColeophora vestianella58
stemborerInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeCosmobaris discolor12
stemborerInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeCosmobaris scolopacea89
leafminerInsectaDipteraAnthomyiidaeDelia echinata 1616
stemfreeimagoInsectaHemiptera FulgoromorphaDictyopharidaeDictyophara europaea2124
InsectaThysanopteraThripidaeEremiothrips taghizadehi99
leafdownFungiAscomycotaErysiphaceaeErysiphe celosiae27
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeFrankliniella intonsa157191
stemdownFungiAscomycotaPlectosphaerellaceaeGibellulopsis serrae11
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus affinis5158
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus atratus2727
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus distinguendus3536
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus griseus2929
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus honestus3232
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus luteicornis2323
seedfreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus rubripes3131
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus rufipes5564
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus signaticornis 2525
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeHarpalus subcylindricus2121
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeHeliothis peltigera 3233
leaffreeInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeHercinothrips femoralis77
rootgallNematodaTylenchidaHeteroderidaeHeterodera schachtii3438
rootborerInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeHypolixus pica13
leaffreeimagoInsectacoleopteraCurculionidaeLaparocerus amicorum33
leafdownFungiAscomycotaErysiphaceaeLeveillula taurica 144215
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeLiriomyza bryoniae 132182
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeLiriomyza strigata 198284
InsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeLixus juncii68
stemborerlarvaInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeLixus subtilis58
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaeLygus gemellatus3644
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaeLygus rugulipennis5764
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeMacrosiphum euphorbiae 110134
rootgallNematodaTylenchidaMeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne javanica1819
stemfreeInsectaHemiptera FulgoromorphaFlatidaeMetcalfa pruinosa 167185
rootscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaPseudococcidaeMirococcus inermis1212
leaffreesummer gen.InsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeMyzus persicae 149192
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaeOncotylus viridiflavus1519
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaeOrthops kalmii3232
flowerfreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaeOrthotylus flavosparsus1011
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeParophonus maculicornis1515
leafminerInsectaDipteraAnthomyiidaePegomya hyoscyami 1838
leafdownChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePeronospora amaranthi11
leafsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPhaeosphaeriaceaePhaeodothis winteri3234
rootPlantaeAngiospermaOrobanchaceaePhelipanche mutelii parasite2222
rootscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaPseudococcidaePhenacoccus pumilus6263
stemscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaPseudococcidaePhenacoccus solenopsis1314
leafsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporales incertae sedisPhoma amaranthi11
gallAcariEriophyoideaEriophyidaePhyllocoptes amaranthi11
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaPhyllostictaceaePhyllosticta hariotiana11
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaPhyllostictaceaePhyllosticta molleriana11
predatorInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaePhytocoris nowickyi77
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera HeteropteraMiridaePlagiognathus bipunctatus5467
root collarborerInsectaColeopteraCerambycidaePlagionotus floralis 77
seedfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaePterostichus melanarius3435
leafminerInsectaDipteraDrosophilidaeScaptomyza graminum 3066
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeSeptoria smarodsii11
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeSitobion avenae 5790
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeSpodoptera exigua3033
leafhiddenInsectaLepidopteraCrambidaeSpoladea recurvalis 1113
InsectaThysanopteraThripidaeTenothrips ononidis44
leaffreeAcariTetranychoideaTetranychidaeTetranychus ludeni1823
flowergallFungiBasidiomycotaGlomosporiaceaeThecaphora amaranthi13
leafhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeThrips tabaci230291
leafscaleInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAleyrodidaeTrialeurodes ricini 77
leafscaleInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAleyrodidaeTrialeurodes vaporariorum 86103
leafpustuleChromistaOomycotaAlbuginaceaeWilsoniana amaranthi16
leafpustuleChromistaOomycotaAlbuginaceaeWilsoniana bliti 110
systemicfreeInsectaColeopteraCarabidaeZabrus tenebrioides 3131
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraLycaenidaeZizeeria knysna1114

Organ

the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasite

bud: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant

PARASITIC MODE

borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signs
canker: restricted area of dead plant tissue
down: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tissue
free: free-living, vagrant
gall: swelling and/or malformation
hidden: concealed by dense webbing, leaf folds etc.
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner > borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
saprotrophic: developing on recently dead, still identifiable, plant tissue
scale: scale insect
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf

COLUMNS

P: with image
G: number of genera on this website
S: number of species on this website

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IMPORTANT

The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.

 

Last modified 9.vii.2026