Plant Parasites of Europe

leafminers, galls and fungi

genus Primula

Determination table

organ mode stage main group group family parasite P G S
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAcyrthosiphon auriculae11
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAcyrthosiphon primulae 14
flowerpredatorInsectaThysanopteraAeolothripidaeAeolothrips tenuicornis86104
leafpredatorInsectaThysanopteraAeolothripidaeAeolothrips versicolor2124
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeAgrochola nitida1010
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeAgrochola pistacinoides11
flowerborerInsectaLepidopteraPterophoridaeAmblyptilia punctidactyla99
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeAnaplectoides prasina89
leafminerInsectaColeopteraChrysomelidaeApteropeda orbiculata 2533
leafhiddenInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeArchips podana 3240
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaDidymellaceaeAscochyta primulae22
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAulacorthum circumflexum 5557
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeAulacorthum solani 130158
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeAutographa pulchrina911
leaffreeInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeBarynotus moerens1010
leaffreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeBarynotus obscurus1313
rootfilmFungiAscomycotaCeratocystidaceaeBerkeleyomyces basicola6565
systemicdownFungiAscomycotaSclerotiniaceaeBotrytis cinerea152160
leaffreeAcariTetranychoideaTenuipalpidaeBrevipalpus obovatus 2829
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraErebidaeCallimorpha dominula 3037
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaeCamptogramma bilineata 1718
leafgallAcariTetranychoideaTenuipalpidaeCenopalpus spinosus 79
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeCercosporella primulae13
rootborerInsectaDipteraSyrphidaeCheilosia antiqua11
leafminerInsectaDipteraSyrphidaeCheilosia laeviventris22
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeChirothrips manicatus91105
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeChromatomyia primulae 15
rootscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaPseudococcidaeChryseococcus arecae22
leafhiddenInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeClepsis rogana1111
leafmineryoung larvaInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeCnephasia asseclana 154311
leafhiddenInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeCnephasia incertana151156
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeCnephasia sedana1010
leafmineryoung larvaInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeCnephasia stephensiana97198
leafscaleInsectaHemiptera CoccoideaCoccidaeCoccus hesperidum 121149
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraColeophoridaeColeophora nubivagella 1020
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraColeophoridaeColeophora obviella 22
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraColeophoridaeColeophora rectilineella 1213
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaGlomerellaceaeColletotrichum fioriniae2021
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaGlomerellaceaeColletotrichum gloeosporioides8890
leafminerInsectaDipteraAnthomyiidaeDelia echinata 1616
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDiarsia brunnea1922
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDiarsia dahlii67
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDiarsia mendica1721
systemicborerNematodaTylenchidaAnguinidaeDitylenchus dipsaci 194318
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaeDysstroma truncata2122
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera CicadomorphaCicadellidaeEmelyanoviana mollicula1112
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeEpilecta linogrisea99
leaffreeAcariEriophyoideaEriophyidaeEpitrimerus farinosus11
leaffreeAcariEriophyoideaEriophyidaeEpitrimerus jaceae811
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeEugnorisma depuncta99
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeEurois occulta66
fruitborerInsectaLepidopteraTortricidaeFalseuncaria ruficiliana1012
leafdownFungiAscomycotaErysiphaceaeFibroidium primulae-obconicae11
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeFrankliniella intonsa157191
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeFrankliniella pallida2227
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraRiodinidaeHamearis lucina25
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera CicadomorphaCicadellidaeHauptidia maroccana1419
leaffreeInsectaHemiptera CicadomorphaCicadellidaeHauptidia provincialis910
rootfilmFungiBasidiomycotaHelicobasidiaceaeHelicobasidium purpureum9292
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaCladosporiaceaeHeterosporium auriculae11
flowerdownFungiBasidiomycotaCystofilobasidiaceaeItersonilia perplexans88
leaffreeAcariEriophyoideaEriophyidaeLeipothrix liroi11
leafsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaDidymellaceaeLeptosphaerulina primulaecola11
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeLiriomyza bryoniae 132182
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeLiriomyza strigata 198284
leafminerInsectaDipteraAgromyzidaeLiriomyza trifolii138138
rootgallNematodaTylenchidaMeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne arenaria99
rootgallNematodaTylenchidaMeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne hapla 124142
flowerfreeInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaeMesotype didymata1113
flowergallFungiBasidiomycotaMicrobotryaceaeMicrobotryum primulae11
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraGelechiidaeMonochroa servella 12
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaPleosporales incertae sedisMycocentrospora acerina3843
leafFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeMycosphaerella primulae11
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeNoctua comes 5672
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeNoctua fimbriata 2529
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeNoctua janthina 1414
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeNoctua pronuba 3639
leaffreeAcariTetranychoideaTetranychidaeOligonychus primulae11
leafminerInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOrthochaetes insignis 5765
rootfreelarvaInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOtiorhynchus armadillo1619
leaffreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOtiorhynchus porcatus89
leaffreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOtiorhynchus rugifrons89
leaffreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOtiorhynchus rugosostriatus2134
rootfreelarvaInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeOtiorhynchus sulcatus 2126
leafminerInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaePerizoma incultaria11
leafdownChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePeronospora oerteliana14
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaePhlogophora meticulosa5659
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaPhyllostictaceaePhyllosticta primulicola13
rootborerInsectaColeopteraHepialidaePhymatopus hecta99
systemicfilmChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePhytophthora cactorum4141
rootfilmChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePhytophthora citricola1515
stemfilmChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePhytophthora nicotianae3535
rootfilmChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePhytophthora primulae11
rootfilmChromistaOomycotaPeronosporaceaePhytophthora verrucosa44
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaePleospora brachyspora2431
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaePleospora chrysospora2835
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaePleospora media f. caudata1212
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaePolia nebulosa3741
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaePolymixis polymita33
leafpustuleaecia uredinia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaePuccinia arctica11
leafpustuleaecia uredinia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaePuccinia primulae 13
leafpustuleaecia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaePuccinia stojanovii11
rootfilmChromistaOomycotaPythiaceaePythium spinosum11
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeRamularia interstitialis14
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeRamularia primulae 14
rootfilmFungiBasidiomycotaCeratobasidiaceaeRhizoctonia solani145145
root collargallBacteriaActinobacteriaActinomycetalesRhodococcus fascians3943
rootborerlarvaInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeSciaphilus asperatus2224
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaeScopula immutata77
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeSeptoria primulae-latifoliae11
leafleaf spotFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerellaceaeSeptoria primulicola11
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeStandfussiana lucernea88
flowergallNematodaTylenchidaAnguinidaeSubanguina klebahni11
leafpustuleFungiChytridiomycetaSynchytriaceeSynchytrium aureum109164
leaf budhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeTaeniothrips inconsequens4055
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeTaeniothrips picipes8294
rootfreeInsectaHemiptera SternorrhynchaAphididaeThecabius auriculae22
flowerhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeThrips atratus80107
leafhiddenInsectaThysanopteraThripidaeThrips tabaci230291
leaffreeimagoInsectaColeopteraCurculionidaeTropiphorus terricola55
flowergallFungiBasidiomycotaUrocystidaceaeUrocystis primulae 17
flowergallFungiBasidiomycotaUrocystidaceaeUrocystis primulicola14
leafpustuleteliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaeUromyces apiosporus12
leafpustuleaecia uredinia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaeUromyces auriculae11
leafpustuleaecia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaeUromyces ovirensis11
leafpustuleaecia uredinia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaeUromyces primulae15
leafpustuleaecia uredinia teliaFungiBasidiomycotaPucciniaceaeUromyces primulae-integrifoliae111
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaeWettsteinina mirabilis1718
stemsaprotrophicFungiAscomycotaPleosporaceaeWettsteinina pachyasca44
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraGeometridaeXanthorhoe montanata66
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeXestia baja99
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeXestia c-nigrum3333
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeXestia stigmatica1111
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeXestia triangulum1515
leaffreeInsectaLepidopteraNoctuidaeXestia xanthographa 3133

Organ

the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasite

bud: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant

PARASITIC MODE

borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signs
canker: restricted area of dead plant tissue
down: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tissue
free: free-living, vagrant
gall: swelling and/or malformation
hidden: concealed by dense webbing, leaf folds etc.
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner > borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
saprotrophic: developing on recently dead, still identifiable, plant tissue
scale: scale insect
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf

COLUMNS

P: with image
G: number of genera on this website
S: number of species on this website

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IMPORTANT

The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.

 

Last modified 9.vii.2026